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4.2.6 Mass Estimation 42 The mass estimation of the entire aircraft is a crucial section in aircraft design. The ultimate aim is determining the maximum take-off mass (ππππ) of the aircraft. π΅= πβπΈ (4.18) πππΉπΆ βπ The Breguet range factor (π΅ ) is found initially using (4.18). The parameters required are cal- culated in the previous chapters. The Breguet factor for flight time (π΅ ) is also found by divid- ing π΅ by the cruise speed (π£ ). π, =π (4.19) The mission fuel fraction for cruise (π , ) should to be calculated with (4.19). The value of range (π ) is taken from Table 4.1. Similarly, the mission fuel fraction for reserve (π , ) is calculated by replacing π with π in Equation 4.19. The value for π for a domestic flight is 200 nautical miles. The mission fuel fraction for loiter (π , ) is calculated by re- placing π with loiter time (π‘ ) with a value of 2700 s (domestic flight) and π΅ with π΅ in Equation 4.19. Table 4.6 Mass fractions of different light phases Phase Index Taxi πππ,π‘ππ₯π T Take-off πππ,ππ TO Climb πππ,πΆπΏπ΅ CLB Descent πππ,π·πΈπ DES Landing πππ,πΏ L Value 0.995 0.995 0.985 0.985 0.995 π, =π, βπ, βπ, βπ, βπ, π, =π, βπ, βπ, βπ, π=π, βπ, (4.20) (4.21) (4.22)PDF Image | Comparison of Concepts: Classic Jet Propulsion, Turbo-Electric Propulsion and Turbo-Hydraulic Propulsion
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