Cost-Effective Copper–Nickel Triboelectric Nanogenerator High-Output Self-Powered Wearable Electronic Systems

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Cost-Effective Copper–Nickel Triboelectric Nanogenerator High-Output Self-Powered Wearable Electronic Systems ( cost-effective-copper–nickel-triboelectric-nanogenerator-hig )

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Nanomaterials 2019, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 4 of 13 Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 700 4 of 12 3. Results and Discussion 3. Results and Discussion Figure 2a shows a schematic illustrating the working mechanism of the CN-TENG. When PTFE film aFnidgucroen2dauschtiovwe tsaapescchoenmtactticwiiltluhsetaracthinogthtehre, ewleocrtkrionngsmweilclhbaeninsmjecotefdthferoCmNc-oTpEpNeGr–.nWichkelnmPeTtFaEl ffiillm aintdocPonTdFuEc,tivneatcacpoerdcoantcaectwiitth tehaecheoletchterro,ne-laetctraocntsiownilalbieliitnyjeocftetdhefromatceorpiaplesr.–Dniucrkienlgmfeutlall cfiolnmtaicntt,othPeTmFEe,tainl saicdceoirsdianecelewctirtihcatlheqeuleilcibtroiunm-at.tArancteiolenctarbicilpitoytoenf tihael dmiafftereianlcse. cDaunribnegcfounlsl tcrounctaecdt, wtheenmPetTaFlEsisdeepiasrainteeslfercotmricmaleetqaul.iTlihbirsiudmiff.eArenceeledcrtirvicespeoltecntrtioanl dflioffwer(eonwceincgatnobeextceornsatlrluocatdeds)wfrhomen tPhTeFtoEpsepleacrtartoedsefrtomthmeebtoatlt.oTmhiesldecifftreordene,caenddrigvenserlaectetrsoannfleolewct(roicwailnogutopuexttseirgnaalll.oWadhse)nfrtohme ltahregetospt selpecatraotdioentodtihsteabnoctetoims relaechtreodein, aandcogmenpelreatetecsoantealcetc–tsreicpalroautitopnutcysicglne,ala. Wnehweneltehcetrlaicraglesetqsueipliabraiutiomn wdislltabneceseits ruepa.chSuedbsienqauceonmtlyp,leiftethcoenPtaTcFtE–siespbaraotuiognhtcytocwle,aardnethweecloecntdriuccatliveqeutialpiberisuumrfawciel,l btheesnetthuep. eSluecbtsreoqnusefnlotlwy, ibfathcke PtoTFthEeistobproeulgechttrotodwe,arpdrothdeucionngdaucrteivertsaepde osurtfpaucte,ctuhrernentht esieglnecatlr.oTnhseflorwigbinaackl sttoateheoftothpeeCleNct-rTodEeN,Gpriosdruecsitnogreadrwevitehrsseudboseuqtpuuetnctufurrlelncot nsitganctalb.eTtwheeonrigthineaPlTstFaEteaonfdththeeCcNon-TdEuNctGiveis traepseto.rCedonwtinthuosubsseqleucetrnitcfuolultcpounttaicstebnetgweneednertehdePbTyFpEearnioddtihceccoontdacutctbiveetwtaepeen. CthoentPinTuFoEuasnedlectthriec countdpucttisvengtaepned.erTeod beylupceidriaotdeicthceonotapcetrbaetitowneeonfththeePTCFNE-aTnEdNtGhe, ctohnedpuoctievnetitalped.isTtorieblutciiodnatewtahse soimpeuralattioednoufstihnegCthNe-TCEONMGS,OthLepmouteltni-tpiahlydsiisctsribsoufttiwonarwea,sasipmruelsaetnetdedusingFitghuerCeO2Mb.SAOcLcomrduilntig-pthoytshices ssiomftuwlatrieo,nasrepsruelstesn,twedheinFdiigsuprlaec2ebm.eAnctcobredtwinegentottwheostirmibuolealteioctnrircesmualtse,rwiahlsenindcrisepalsaecse,mtheentpboetetwnteieanl dtwiffoerterinbcoeealelscotrischmaraptleyrianlcsrienacsreesa.ses, the potential difference also sharply increases. Fiigurre2.. (a()a)WoorkrkininggmeecchhaannisimsmooffththeeCN--TTEENG..((b))Numeerriiccaallcallccullaattiioonss((peerrfforrmeediin COMSSOLL))ooffttheepotteenttiaialldiissttrribibuuttioionnaaccrroossstthheeeeleleccttrrooddeessooffttheeTENGaatteeaacch sstteep ((1–33)) undeerr opeen--cciirrcuiittcondiittiions.. The external force was provided by a vibration exciter to activate CN-TENG. As shown in The external force was provided by a vibration exciter to activate CN-TENG. As shown in Figure 3a,b, the performance of TENG (the size: 2 cm × 3 cm) was characterized by approximate Figure 3a–b, the performance of TENG (the size: 2 cm × 3 cm) was characterized by approximate values of the V (under the external load of 500 MΩ) and I (under the external load of 100 KΩ), values of the VOCC(under the external load of 500 MΩ) and ISSCC(under the external load of 100 KΩ), which reached values of 196.8 V and 6 μA, respectively. As illustrated in Figure 3c, for resistance which reached values of 196.8 V and 6 μA, respectively. As illustrated in Figure 3c, for resistance lower than 100 KΩ, the output current was ~6 μA. The output voltage increased to >196.8 V when the lower than 100 KΩ, the output current was ∼6 μA. The output voltage increased to >196.8 V when

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