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Cost-Effective Copper–Nickel Triboelectric Nanogenerator High-Output Self-Powered Wearable Electronic Systems

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Cost-Effective Copper–Nickel Triboelectric Nanogenerator High-Output Self-Powered Wearable Electronic Systems ( cost-effective-copper–nickel-triboelectric-nanogenerator-hig )

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Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 700 8 of 12 copper will undergo electrochemical corrosion in sodium chloride solution [41]. The related chemical reaction equations are as follows. 2Cu + H2O + CO2 + O2 = Cu2(OH)2CO3 The basic cupric carbonate produced by the reaction not only affects the electrical output of TENG, but also damages human health. However, the copper–nickel alloy has good corrosion resistance in the corresponding environment [42]. In order to visualize the corrosion on the surface of the copper foil, we analyzed the elements on the copper foil surface by sodium chloride solution (shown in Figure 8b), and compared the copper foil surface before treatment (shown in Figure 8a). According to the results, the proportion of copper elements on the surface of the treated copper decreased obviously, which will Ninaflnoumeantecreialtsh2e01e9l,e9c,txrFicOaRl oPEuEtpRuRtEVofIEtWhe TENG. 9 of 13 Figure 7. Electrical measurement of three CN-TENGs treated with different concentrations of sodium Figure 7. Electrical measurement of three CN-TENGs treated with different concentrations of chloride solution. (a–c) Approximate V and (d–f) I values of the treated CN-TENGs. Comparison sodium chloride solution. (a,b,c) ApprOoCximate VOC aSCnd (d,e,f) ISC values of the treated CN-TENGs. of the approximate V (g), I (h), and the value of max output (i) power for the CN-TENGs. Comparison of the aOpCproximSCate VOC (g), ISC (h), and the value of max output (i) power for the CN-TENGs. In addition, we demonstrated that the 5 cm × 20 cm CN-TENG can be easily integrated into a shoe, as shown in Figure 9b. When people are exercising, the CN-TENG integrated into shoe can be utilized to harvest mechanical energy, as shown in Figure 9a. The frequency of human motion is about 4 Hz, and the test time is 5 s. As the experimental results show (see Figure 9c), an approximate VOC value of 1500 V is realized for the TENG in the shoe sole. Owing to the walking action, the TENG is capable of driving at least 172 high-power LEDs in series (working voltage: 3.4 V), as shown in Figure 9d,e.

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Cost-Effective Copper–Nickel Triboelectric Nanogenerator High-Output Self-Powered Wearable Electronic Systems

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