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International Conference on Mechanical, Materials and Renewable Energy IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Enginee1ri2n3g4357678(920‘1’8“)” 012186 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/377/1/012186 can be fabricated in which human biomechanical movements produce energy for small wearable electronic devices working under high humidity. Layers of the material surfaces were chemically modified for enhancing the surface charge density. The materials chosen were having strong hydrophobicity (water reluctant) so that the device can work under a wide range of humidity with same output producing capability [24]. The effects on the performance of a TENG over a wide range of temperature were studied by some researchers. The material properties change with respect to the temperature. With the increase in temperature material gets less ductile and at higher temperatures, the material gets more ductile and lesser stiffer. In experiments, the efficiency increased from 77K to near about 260K and then decreased unvaryingly [25]. Figure 8. Dependence of peak voltage upon temperature. [25] The graph shows that with the increase in temperature the output voltage is continuously decreasing but also depicts that the TENG is capable of producing output in a wide range of temperatures. Here U+ denotes average positive peak voltage and U- denotes average negative peak voltage [25]. 2.3.3 Effects of surface structures Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were used as the triboelectric materials and nanopatterns were imprinted on the surfaces using thermal nano imprint lithography. Different patterns were printed such as line, hexagonal cone and pillar-shaped and maximum output was achieved with the hexagonal cone pattern. Pillars with the smallest width produced the maximum output as compared to the larger width pillars [26]. Seol et al. presented the effects of the interfacial surface deformations on the charge density of a TENG in contact-separation mode. The results of the simulation showed that maximum pressure should be applied between the triboelectric layers, Due to higher pressure, the maximum surface area will be in contact hence maximum charge density will be obtained [27]. 2.3.4 Other Parameters A kinematic design of TENG can be prepared for enhancing the power conversion efficiency. Gear train mechanism is used in the setup to achieve high output frequency at the lower input by using the gear. The contact type TENG is fabricated using slider crank mechanism from a rotating input source. It was noted that it was much more effective at lower frequency [28]. A prototype can be prepared in 9PDF Image | Critical Review on Triboelectric Nanogenerator
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