Design and Manufacturing of a Miniature Turbojet Engine

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Design and Manufacturing of a Miniature Turbojet Engine ( design-and-manufacturing-miniature-turbojet-engine )

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DESIGN OF MINIATURE TURBOJET ENGINE 25 these holes are plunged in order to act as small nozzles and accelerate the incoming air. The gas mixture ignites, traditionally through the use of a spark plug, in the primary zone which is the first combustion zone downstream the compressor. The secondary zone is where further air is injected and the combustion process is completed. The last section, the tertiary zone, is where any leftover air is injected to achieve air temperatures sufficient for entry into the turbine stage. In order for a combustion chamber to be effective, continuous combustion must be achieved so that the heat from a previous reaction is sufficient to vaporize the liquid fuel for the next reaction. High initial temperatures, high fuel to air ratios and high pressures are necessary for this continuous combustion (El-Sayed, 2015). If the fuel to air ratio is too low, then heat generated from the reaction is mostly spent in increasing the temperature of nitrogen and oxygen in the chamber rather than vaporizing the incoming fuel. In order to achieve this self-sustaining combustion, engines are often started with an alternative gaseous fuel source, such as propane. This allows for the engine to achieve sufficient temperatures before introducing kerosene and risking partial combustion that could result in carbon build up that can gunk up the engine or cause hot spots. 2.2.E. Exhaust Nozzle The purpose of an exhaust nozzle is to create thrust by converting the potential energy of incoming gas into kinetic energy (Hunecke, 1997). In the nozzle, the mass flow rate is constant. As velocity increases in the direction of flow, pressure decreases. Typically, length is not a crucial design consideration however, losses due to friction can be excessive if the nozzle is too long. In an ideal nozzle,

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