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B. Kareem et al. Figure 1. Design flow chart for the micro-turbine for 5 kW electricity production. change in momentum of a high velocity jet of steam and hit on a curved blade, which is free to rotate based on the Newton’s second law’s rate of change of momentum. The blades are attached to the rotor shaft. The resultant of blade forces is converted into shaft power to drive the load. The loading on a rotating turbine blade is composed of centrifugal force due to rotation, bending force due to the fluid pressure and change of momentum. The design specifications by taking cognizance of the designed steam boiler where palm kernel shell was used as heat energy source [5] [6] [8] [9] was applied in this study (Table 1). The spe- cifications can sustain a multistage impulse flow steam micro turbine of power 5.5 kW, steam mass flow rate 0.0275 kg/s, expected efficiency of 75%, inlet tem- perature 400 ̊C and speed (greater than 1500 rpm). 2.2. Turbine Design Calculation Based on the design specifications given in Table 1, standard equation (1) was used to determine the output steam temperature and enthalpy with Q as the tur- bine power (5.5 kW), m as mass flow rate (0.0275 kg/s), ΔH as change in en- thalpy (200 kJ/kg) and H1 as inlet enthalpy at inlet temperature of 400 ̊C (2899.2 kJ/kg) [13]; Q = m (ΔH) (1) H2 = H1 − ΔH = 2699.2 kJ/kg. The velocity diagram was used as standard tool for determining turbine per- formance and flow parameters [14] [15] [16]. Critical flow parameters consi- dered and designed for were the actual and relative velocities of the turbine blades and the steam, which in turn determined the power of the turbine [17] DOI: 10.4236/jpee.2018.611009 114 Journal of Power and Energy EngineeringPDF Image | Design of Steam Turbine for Electric Power Production Using Heat Energy from Palm Kernel Shell
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