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2.3 Turbofan engines Some performance metrics such as thermal efficiency, power-to-weight ratio, and an understanding of the overall construction and inner workings of the machine was needed. A modern turbofan engine is shown in the picture below to the left and the Rolls Royce Trent 1000 is shown as an example below to the right, Figure 5. Figure 5 - Rolls Royce Trent 1000 Cutout (left) and it mounted on a Boeing 787 (right) Most of the propulsive force, about 85%, is provided by the fan located in the front of the engine which accelerates the air bypassing the engine core, (Priyanka Ojha , K.Raghava. 2014). The rest of the propulsive force is a result of the air being accelerated through the core of the engine. Performance metrics of this engine are shown in Table 1. The value of air mass flow when in cruise was calculated from other values such as the propulsion efficiency. Thrust numbers were taken from Piano-X for both take-off and cruise. The thermal efficiency is one of the most important numbers because it was used when comparing the two propulsion systems. How this was calculated is shown in Appendix 1. Table 1. Performance data for Rolls Royce Trent 1000 Engine Performance Metric (per engine) Cruise (v= Mach 0.85) Take-off (v= 85.4 m/s) Unit 40 % 42.8 MW Thermal Efficiency (from LHV) 50 Mechanical Power 15.7 Power-to-weight ratio 2.65 Weight Thrust 47.9 Thrust-to-weight ratio 0.85:1 Propulsive Efficiency 77 Air Mass-flow 315 7.47 kW/kg kg 5,765 238 kN 4.2:1 - 47 % 1,250 kg/s 6PDF Image | Electric Propulsion Passenger Jet Airplanes Requirements to realize all-electric propulsion
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