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2.4 Electric ducted fans The principle of an electric ducted fan (EDF) is similar to a turbofan engine, but instead of using a combustion engine to drive the fan, an electric motor is used. There are two main differences in the design that should be noted. In an EDF, the fan provides the thrust, compared to the turbofan engine, which produces a part of the thrust in the core of the engine. Since an electric motor does not get nearly as hot as a jet engine, the materials used do not have to tolerate high temperatures. This enables the use of more composites that may have more favorable mechanical properties than metal alloys. A high performance EDF unit is shown in Figure 6, unfortunately the size is rather small (11 kW), a comparison to a big turbofan engine is hard to make. Performance numbers was gathered for the EDF unit, Scheubeler DS-94 HST, Table 2. Figure 6 - Scheubeler DS-94 HST, a high performance EDF unit for model airplanes Table 2. Performance numbers for EDF unit, Scheubeler DS-94 HST Performance metric Peak Electrical Power Static Thrust Weight Power-to-weight ratio, peak Thrust-to-weight ratio, static Overall Efficiency 2.4.1 Electric motors There are a lot of different types of electric motors. This research focuses on types that exhibit the highest power-to-weight ratios. To compete with a modern jet engine, the electric motor needs a really high power-to-weight ratio. High efficiency is also of interest, but is more a secondary requirement. Two examples of motors will be listed here as a reference as to what can be achieved with today’s technology. The first one is a motor that was developed for electric aircraft applications, the Emrax Value Unit 9.7 kW 100-130 N 1,330 g 7.3 9.95 - kW/kg 70-71 % 7PDF Image | Electric Propulsion Passenger Jet Airplanes Requirements to realize all-electric propulsion
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