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Electric Propulsion Passenger Jet Airplanes Requirements to realize all-electric propulsion

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Electric Propulsion Passenger Jet Airplanes Requirements to realize all-electric propulsion ( electric-propulsion-passenger-jet-airplanes-requirements-rea )

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These types of motors are called brushless permanent magnet axial flux synchronous motors. They use permanent magnets arranged in a halbach array to create the magnetic field at the rotating part of the machine (Mike Rissi. 2010). This design allows the motor to be constructed without any ferromagnetic material. In other words, these motors do not need iron to conduct the magnetic field, and this is why they are much lighter than other types of motors with the same performance. Another benefit is the high efficiency that is achieved with this design. The losses that have to do with the iron itself, such as eddy currents and hysteris losses are eliminated. The use of Litz wire in the static part of the motor (stator) also helps minimize the eddy current losses in the copper wire (Mike Rissi. 2010). When comparing the performance metrics of an electric motor and EDF to a modern turbo-fan engine, the differences are not big and an electric powertrain actually wins out overall. Although there might still be an argument to use advanced cooling technologies with super conduction technology if the performance can be increases further by such an approach. For this study, the assumption will be that electric motors have the same power density as the core of a turbo-fan engine. 2.4.2 Power electronics Since the electric motor needs alternating current to operate and batteries can only give direct current, an inverter is needed. This is often referred to as the power electronics module. To achieve a high overall power-to-weight ratio, the inverter needs to be low weight, and as efficient as possible to limit the cooling needs. Current technology has been researched and performance metrics has been gathered, (Unitek, Industry Electronics) and are listed below in Table 5. As can be seen from the performance metrics, the power electronics does not act as a bottleneck in the electric propulsion system. It is actually the least limiting factor. Table 5. Performance metric for the UniTek BAMOCAR-D3-700-400 Performance metric Continuous Electrical Power Peak Electrical Power Weight Power-to-weight ratio, continuous Power-to-weight ratio, peak Electrical efficiency 2.4.3 Scaling effects Value Unit 140 kW 224 kW 8.5 kg 16.5 kW/kg 26.4 kW/kg 97-98 % To be sure that these types of motors could be scaled up to powers in the range of megawatts instead of kilowatts, some knowledge about scaling laws on electric motors must be known. In the literature, there are conflicting arguments about how the scaling laws affect power-to-weight ratio. Some sources seem to indicate that bigger motors tend to have a higher power-to-weight ratio, and also that efficiency tends to be higher in larger motors (E. M. H. Kamerbeek, 1975), (LaunchPoint Technologies). While other claims that because of heat transfer reasons the reverse is true 9

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