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Future gas turbines may be able to make better use of ceramics materials. The introduction of ceramic parts, with their excellent abilities to withstand heat and corrosion, has the potential to be a great technological breakthrough in the future. Unfortunately, the brittleness of ceramics have prevented their widespread use and dampens the enthusiasm of many engineers for the prospects of this material. So far, attempts have yielded mixed results. Solar turbines, as part of the US government’s Advanced Turbine Systems (ATS) project, has been developing and testing the first modern gas turbines with major ceramic components. This research is not yet commercially viable, however the hope is to develop ceramic turbine components that will not shatter and can tolerate even higher rotor inlet temperatures. Current experimental applications with ceramic first stage blades, combustor liners, and nozzles for small turbines have resulted in 37 degree Celsius increases in allowable firing temperatures and corresponding 5.7% increases in efficiency, however the long-term durability of these ceramics are still questionable and require further documentation.12 This would increase efficiency and, if cooling were no longer necessary, reduce the need to divert compressed air from the engine’s compressor for component cooling. Advocates of ceramics hope that these advancement materials can be the next big breakthrough in gas turbines, succeeding the major breakthrough which occurred in the 1960s in the area of turbine cooling. Cooling Advancements The introduction of cooling to gas turbines was the most important technological breakthrough in gas turbine development since the end of World War II. Advancements in turbine cooling also helped to advance the penetration of gas turbines in today’s power generation market. Like material advancements, cooling innovations allowed power producers to allow higher-temperature inlet gases into the turbine bladepath. Gas turbine operation at these higher temperatures allows for higher efficiencies and make these turbines more viable sources of electric power. 12 Bautista, Paul, “Rise in Gas-Fired Power Generation Tracks Gains in Turbine Efficiency,” Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 94, No. 33, August 12, 1996, p. 45. 9PDF Image | Energy RD Performance: Gas Turbine Case Study
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