PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 019
were marked by a large breakthrough during their introduction, followed by great strides forward as computer codes and modeling improved. This contrast may be modified in the future if material developments lead to the widespread use of ceramic components, which would be the first real breakthrough in turbine material engineering. Finally, mechanical and cooling advancements have differed somewhat in their sources and methods of technology transfer. For turbine materials, initial blade structures and material specifications were transferred from the military turbojet industry. Major turbine manufacturers such as GE and Westinghouse Electric Corporation got their start in the gas turbine industry by developing gas turbines for applications in military aviation. These turbojets became the first crude models for power generation gas turbines. As gas turbines became accepted in the field of power generation, engineering and manufacturing companies began to split teams of gas-turbine engineers into “aviation” side and “power generation” sides. (GE also separated its steam turbine engineering groups from its gas turbine engineering groups, whereas Westinghouse kept them together until the 1980s.)18 The power generation groups then began developing and applying their own lessons for power-producing turbines as opposed to thrust-producing turbines. The power generation engineering efforts let to independent advances in materials applications, including improved heat tolerance and distribution for turbine inlet components. Both power and aviation engineering efforts led to the applications of protective coatings on the high-temperature turbine components. Advances in cooling technology have four identified sources. The first is development in the aviation industry, which has led to technology transfer to the power generation field. The first cooled turbine concepts were applied to military aircraft and then spread to civil aviation and power generation. A second source of cooling technology transfer is the drilling industry, which also requires that rapidly rotating metal be cooled to prevent damage.19 A third major resource for cooling advancements came through design codes and programs pioneered by both turbine design engineers and other groups in unrelated fields, such as NASA. Finally, the power generation industry itself has pioneered some efforts in keeping its own product temperatures cool enough to allow inlet temperature increases without the thermal breakdown of turbine components. Despite their differences, both material improvements and cooling advancements helped to increase the RITs of gas and combined cycle plants. These higher RITs helped to boost the efficiencies shown earlier in this section. Figures 6 and 7 demonstrate this trend. Figure 6 shows how the rotor inlet temperatures increased with time for one manufacturer’s specific family of turbines, in this case the Westinghouse 251 series. It shows its biggest jump in RIT as cooling was introduced in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In this chart, improvements can be seen in differences between the models. The AA model turbines only had their first row stationary vanes cooled. The B model turbines also had the first row blade cooling and compressors similar to earlier versions, but also included second row vane segment cooling. The B8 model included an improved combustion system and temperature profile as well as fine advancements to the first row blade cooling. The B12 model hallmarked considerably improved air flow which allowed 18 Interview with Lee McLurin, Westinghouse. 19 Interview with Craig Tedmon, ABB. 13PDF Image | Energy RD Performance: Gas Turbine Case Study
PDF Search Title:
Energy RD Performance: Gas Turbine Case StudyOriginal File Name Searched:
criepi.PDFDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)