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Table 3-2. Typical Performance for Gas Turbines in CHP Operation Cost & Performance Characteristics41 System 1 2 3 4 5 CHP Characteristics Exhaust Flow (1,000 lb/hr) GT Exhaust Temperature (Fahrenheit) HRSG Exhaust Temperature (Fahrenheit) Steam Output (MMBtu/hr) Steam Output (1,000 lbs/hr) Steam Output (kW equivalent) Total CHP Efficiency (%), HHV44 Power/Heat Ratio45 Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh)46 Effective Electrical Efficiency (%)47 Thermal Output as Fraction of Fuel Input Electric Output as Fraction of Fuel Input 149.2 211.6 838 916 336 303 19.66 34.44 19.65 34.42 5,760 10,092 65.7% 70.4% 0.57 0.70 6,810 5,689 50% 60% 0.42 0.41 0.24 0.29 334 536 1047 913 874 861 322 326 300 52.36 77.82 52.32 77.77 15,340 22,801 138.72 138.64 40,645 69.5% 70.5% 68.8% 0.65 0.89 1.09 5,905 5,481 5,590 58% 62% 61% 0.42 0.37 0.33 0.27 0.33 0.36 Source: Compiled by ICF from vendor-supplied data 3.4.1 Fuel Supply Pressure As shown previously in Figure 3-2, the fuel gas is mixed with the combustion air after it has been heated and compressed. Therefore, the fuel gas must also be compressed to a pressure somewhat higher than the combustion air. This pressure is determined by the turbine pressure ratio. The fuel gas compressor size and energy requirements are determined not only by the required outlet conditions but also by the delivery pressure. Depending on the supply pressure of the gas being delivered to the site, the cost and power consumption of the fuel gas compressor can be a significant consideration. Table 3-3 shows the power required to compress natural gas from supply pressures typical of commercial and industrial service to the pressures required by typical industrial gas turbines. Required supply pressures generally increase with gas turbine size. 44 Total Efficiency = (net electric generated + net steam produced for thermal needs)/total system fuel input 45 Power/Steam Ratio = CHP electrical power output (Btu)/ useful steam output (Btu) 46 Net Heat Rate = (total fuel input to the CHP system - the fuel that would be normally used to generate the same amount of thermal output as the CHP system output assuming an efficiency of 80 percent)/CHP electric output (kW). 47 Effective Electrical Efficiency = (CHP electric power output) / (total fuel into CHP system – total heat recovered/0.8); Equivalent to 3,412 Btu/kWh/Net Heat Rate. Catalog of CHP Technologies 3–7 Combustion TubinesPDF Image | EPA CHP Technologies Combustion Turbines
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