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Table 3-3. Power Requirements for Natural Gas Fuel Compression48 Turbine Conditions System 1 2 3 4 5 Turbine Electric Capacity (kW) Turbine Pressure Ratio Pressure Required, psig Required Compression Power (kW) 55 psig gas supply pressure 150 psig gas supply pressure 250 psig gas supply pressure 3,304 7,038 10.1 17.6 167 299 51 162 21 63 NA 39 9,950 20,336 17.7 24 31.9 44,488 362 405 538 289 538 1,370 113 211 510 70 131 310 Source: Compiled by ICF from vendor supplied data 3.4.2 Heat Recovery The economics of gas turbines as CHP in process applications are highly dependent on effective use of the thermal energy contained in the exhaust gas. Figure 3-3 provides a schematic representation of a gas turbine generator with exhaust heat recovery transferring energy to a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) that can provide steam for process use or to drive a steam turbine generator. Thermal energy generally represents 60 to 70 percent of the inlet fuel energy. The most common use of this energy is for steam generation in unfired or supplementary fired heat recovery steam generators. However, the gas turbine exhaust gases can also be used as a source of direct process energy, for unfired or fired process fluid heaters, or as preheated combustion air for power boilers. An unfired HRSG is the simplest steam CHP configuration and can generate steam up to approximately 1,200 psig. Figure 3-3. Heat Recovery from a Gas Turbine System As the quality of the steam required satisfying a thermal load increases, the overall system efficiency decreases. Even with a counter-flow heat exchanger, the HRSG stack temperature increases when the steam quality increases. For the Solar Taurus 70, an overall efficiency of 80.5 percent is possible with a HRSG producing 15 psig steam (LHV basis). A system producing 900 psig steam has an overall efficiency 48 Fuel gas supply pressure requirements calculated assuming delivery of natural gas at an absolute pressure 35 percent greater than the compressor discharge in order to meet the requirements of the gas turbine flow control system and combustor mixing nozzles. Mass flow of fuel based on the fuel flow of reference gas turbines in the size range considered, and assuming an electric motor of 95 percent efficiency driving the booster compressor. Gas supply pressures of 50 psig, 150 psig and 250 psig form the basis of the calculations. Catalog of CHP Technologies 3–8 Combustion TubinesPDF Image | EPA CHP Technologies Combustion Turbines
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