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Experimental study of an anti-icing method over an airfoil based on pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma 1459 CM 1⁄4VA VMr 1⁄4 VA 11⁄411 ð9Þ Fig. 22 Lissajous figure of anti-icing in meshy electrode case. CA þ CT VMr VMr k the value of CT can be estimated as CT1⁄4 k CMCA ð10Þ 1k Let h 1⁄4 VMi ð11Þ VMr Substituting Eq. (10) into Eq. (7) leads to 1þ CM 1k 1 VMi k CM 1þ h1⁄4 1⁄4 1k 1⁄4 k 1⁄4 k ð12Þ VMr 1þCM 1þCM 1þCM P 1⁄4 CMf 1⁄4 CMf Z Tp Z Tp VdVM 1⁄4 CMf Z0 0 Tp VAdðhVMrÞ Z Tp 0 VAdVMi 0 1⁄4 CMfhðk; CM; CAÞ VAdVMr CA CA CA Then, Eq. (4) can be rewritten as follows by replacing VM by VMr: where CM = 0.1 lF is already known, and CA can be mea- sured by a universal meter. The measurement value is: CA = 0.06 nF and 0.08 nF, respectively for the striped and meshy electrodes. On the other hand, the constant k can be estimated by the least squared method, and the results are 0.142 and 0.121, respectively for the two electrodes. The corresponding estimated values of CT are 16.35 nF and 10.714 nF from Eq. (10), respectively. Finally, the values of h are estimated to be 0.00425 and 0.0066, respectively, by Eq. (12). Figs. 21 and 22 give the measured Lissajous figures in one discharge period of DBD plasma actuation in the anti-icing process using striped and meshy electrodes, respectively. By calculating the integral in Eq. (13), the power consumption in the striped electrode in anti-icing is 53.43 W. By dividing the area of the surface region where the exposed electrode is paved, the power consumption per unit area is found to be 7.358 kW/m2. Similarly, the power consumption for the meshy electrode is 74.73 W, the power consumption per unit area is 8.386 kW/m2. ð13Þ The total power consumptions measured by the digital elec- tric power meter in the whole system in striped and meshy elec- trode situations, are 222.7 W and 250 W, respectively. The corresponding total power consumptions per unit area are 30.667 kW/m2 and 28.055 kW/m2, respectively. In view of that, the power consumption in the DBD actuator accounts for a small amount of the total power consumption in the whole sys- tem, and a large part of the electrical power has been con- sumed in the power source, electric circuit, and stray capacitors. Ma et al.32 conducted electro-thermal anti-icing experi- ments on a composite aircraft component, in which the electro-thermal heat flux density could reach 92 kW/m2 under aconditionofV1 =90m/s,T1 =5C,andLWC=2g/m3. Fortin et al.33 performed an experimental study of hybrid anti-icing systems combining thermoelectric and hydrophobic coatings, where the heating element power density was 40 W/in2 (62 kW/m2) under V1 = 21 m/s, T1 = 5 C and 20 C, and LWC = 0.4 g/m3. In view of the effectiveness of the above two methods and the DBD plasma actuation anti-icing method in this paper, it is believed that the method in this paper is a promising method. 6. Conclusions (1) A new anti-icing method based on DBD plasma actua- tion has been studied. Instant pictures and infrared con- tours indicate the serviceability of two kinds of DBD plasma actuators in anti-icing under V1 = 90 m/s, T1 =7C, MVD=20lm, and LWC=0.5g/m3. (2) The mechanism of DBD plasma actuation anti-icing is to maintain the thermal equilibrium of the wet surface by using DBD plasma actuation including both gas dis- charge and liquid discharge. (3) The DBD plasma actuation anti-icing method proposed in this paper is a promising method. Acknowledgement This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11472221). Fig. 21 Lissajous figure of anti-icing in striped electrode case.PDF Image | Experimental study of an anti-icing method over an airfoil based on pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma
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