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Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters

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Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters ( fundamentals-electric-propulsion-ion-and-hall-thrusters )

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8.2 Plume Physics ......................................................................................395 8.2.1 Plume Measurements ..................................................................395 8.2.2 Flight Data....................................................................................396 8.2.3 Laboratory Plume Measurements ...............................................398 8.4 Spacecraft Interactions ......................................................................410 8.4.1 Momentum of the Plume Particles .............................................412 8.4.2 Sputtering and Contamination ....................................................413 8.4.3 Plasma Interactions with Solar Arrays .......................................415 8.5 Interactions with Payloads ...............................................................418 8.5.1 Microwave Phase Shift ...............................................................418 8.5.2 Plume Plasma Optical Emission.................................................419 References ........................................................................................................422 Homework Problems.....................................................................................424 Chapter 9: Flight Ion and Hall Thrusters..............................................429 9.1 Introduction............................................................................................429 9.2 Ion Thrusters .........................................................................................429 9.3 Hall Thrusters ........................................................................................440 References ........................................................................................................443 Appendices A: Nomenclature ........................................................................................447 B: Gas Flow Unit Conversions and Cathode Pressure Estimates .............................................................................463 C: Energy Loss by Electrons.................................................................467 D: Ionization and Excitation Cross Sections for Xenon...............471 E: Ionization and Excitation Reaction Rates for Xenon in Maxwellian Plasmas .......................................................................475 F: Electron Relaxation and Thermalization Times.........................479 G: Clausing Factor Monte Carlo Calculation....................................483 Models ........................................................................................400 8.3.1 Primary Beam Expansion............................................................400 8.3.2 Neutral Gas Plumes .....................................................................407 8.3.3 Secondary-Ion Generation ..........................................................408 8.3 Plume ix

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