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Thruster Principles 25 2.4 Specific Impulse Specific impulse, termed Isp, is a measure of thrust efficiency and is defined as the ratio of the thrust to the rate of propellant consumption. Specific impulse for constant thrust and propellant flow rate is Isp= T , (2.4-1) m p g where g is the acceleration of gravity, 9.807 m/s2. For a xenon thruster, the Isp can be expressed as Isp=1.037 106 T[N] =1.02 105 T[N] , (2.4-2) Q[sccm] Q[mg/ s] where Eq. (2.3-2) and the flow conversions in Appendix B have been used. Using Eq. (2.3-1) for the thrust in Eq. (2.4-1), the Isp for any thruster is Isp = vex , (2.4-3) g where vex is the effective exhaust velocity. Defining the Isp in terms of the exhaust velocity relative to g is what gives rise to the unusual units of seconds for Isp. In electric thrusters, the thrust is due primarily to the ions. Using Eq. (2.3-5), the Isp is given by Isp=vi m i . (2.4-4) g m p where vi is the exhaust velocity for unidirectional, monoenergetic ion exhaust. The thruster mass utilization efficiency, which accounts for the ionized versus unionized propellant, is defined for singly charged ions as m = m i = I b M . ( 2 . 4 - 5 ) m p em p In the event that the thruster produces a significant number of multiply charged ions, the expression for the propellant utilization efficiency must be redefined.PDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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