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34 Chapter 2 where M is the atom mass in kg. The conductance correction factor is sometimes called the Clausing factor [4] and describes the conductance reduction due to the finite axial length of the effective entrance aperture(s) to the thruster. This factor is generally negligible for Hall thrusters but appreciable for the apertured grids of ion thrusters. Due to the large diameter-to-length ratio of the accelerator grid apertures in ion thrusters, the Clausing factor is usually calculated by Monte-Carlo gas flow codes. An example of a simple spreadsheet Monte-Carlo code for calculating the Clausing factor for ion thruster grids is given in Appendix G. The ingested flow of gas from the finite pressure in the vacuum system is then Qingested =133.2P 8kT A c [sccm]. (2.7-6) 4 k T M 4.479 1017 This expression for the ingested flow can be rewritten as Qingested = 7.82 108 P A c [sccm] , (2.7-7) T Ma where P is the vacuum chamber pressure in torr, T is the backflowing neutral gas m2. [1] [2] [3] [4] temperature in K, Ma is the gas mass in AMU, and A is the open area in The total flow rate into the thruster is then Qtotal = Qinjected + Qingested . (2.7-8) References J. M. Lafferty, Foundations of Vacuum Science and Technology, New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1998. A. Ross, Vacuum Technology, Amsterdam, Holland: Elsevier, 1990. G. Lewin, Fundamentals of Vacuum Science and Technology, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965. P. Clausing, “The Flow of Highly Rarefied Gases Through Tubes of Arbitrary Length,” Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, vol. 8, pp. 636–646, 1971.PDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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