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Ion Thruster Plasma Generators 107 as possible to maximize the field strength inside the discharge chamber for a given magnet size in order to provide sufficient field strength for primary and secondary electron confinement at the wall. Between the cusps, the dipole characteristics of the local field forces the field lines to wrap back around the magnets, which causes the magnetic field strength to have a maximum at a distance y = 0.29*d from the wall, which will be derived in Section 4.3.4. The transverse maximum field strength produced between the cusps is important to provide electron and ion confinement, which improves the thruster efficiency. While analytic solutions to the magnetic field provide insight into the field structure, the availability of commercial computer codes to calculate the fields accurately makes it much simpler to model the entire ring-cusp field. For example, Fig. 4-11 shows the contours of constant magnetic field measured and calculated using Maxwell three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic field solver [25] for the Nuclear Electric Xenon Ion Thruster System (NEXIS) [20] with six ring cusps. The measured and calculated values are within the measurement error. This type of plot shows clearly the localized surface-field characteristic of magnetic multipole boundaries, which leaves the majority of the inner volume essentially magnetic-field free. A large field-free region design significantly enhances the plasma uniformity and ion current density profile [20,26]. In this case, the 60-gauss magnetic field contour is closed throughout the inside surface of the thruster, which will be shown in the next section to provide good plasma confinement at the wall. Grid Hole Pattern Diameter −30 −20 −10 0 10 20 30 Radial Position (cm) Fig. 4-11. Comparison of measured (dashed) and calculated (solid) magnetic field contours in the six-ring NEXIS thruster [20]. Axial PositionPDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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