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Ion Thruster Plasma Generators 137 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 −1 −2 6-Ring Design 4-Ring Design 0 500 Unstable 1000 1500 2000 Cusp Magnetic Field (gauss) 3500 4000 Fig. 4-23. Plasma potential versus cusp magnetic field strength for a thruster design with 4 and 6 rings. 2500 3000 4.3.10 Recycling Behavior Ion thrusters clear momentary faults or breakdowns in the high voltage accelerator grids by momentarily turning off the high voltage, an event called recycling. In order to restart the thruster, the accelerator grid (“accel grid”) voltage must be turned back on to avoid electron backstreaming into the thruster as the screen voltage is reapplied. If the plasma discharge is left on during this sequence, the negatively biased accel grid collects nearly the entire ion beam current at the applied accel voltage until the screen voltage is re- established. This can lead to excessive power loading and even erosion of the accel grid if a significant number of recycles are encountered. Therefore, it is standard procedure to also either turn off the discharge during recycling or cut it back to a low level such that the accel grid current surge is acceptably low during reestablishing of the beam voltages. The discharge current is then raised to the desired level with the screen voltage ramp-up. The main issue with this process is that the thruster discharge often goes into oscillation during the cutback condition or upon restarting in the recycle sequence. When the high voltage is turned off in a recycle, ions that would have left the discharge chamber as beam ions now strike and neutralize on the accel grid, and some fraction flows back into the discharge chamber as neutral gas. This raises the neutral gas pressure in the discharge chamber, which has two effects. First, a higher neutral pressure collisionally thermalizes the primary electrons more rapidly, which can lead to a reduction in the plasma potential [22]. Second, lowering the discharge current while raising the neutral pressure Plasma Potential (V)PDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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