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148 Chapter 4 4.5 rf Ion Thrusters The ion thrusters described in the previous sections utilize a thermionic hollow cathode and DC discharge power supply to inject hot electrons into the discharge chamber to ionize the propellant gas. To eliminate any potential life or power supply issues with the hollow cathode and DC-electron discharge, an alternative thruster design utilizes electromagnetic fields to heat the plasma electrons that, in turn, ionize the injected gas. One method to achieve this goal is to use an inductive plasma generator, which is normally called a radio- frequency, or rf, ion thruster. In this case, low frequency rf voltage is applied to an antenna structure around or in the plasma, and the rf energy is coupled to the electrons. The simplest configuration for an rf ion thruster is shown schematically in Fig. 4-29. An rf coil is wrapped around an insulating chamber with a gas feed. The chamber can be cylindrical, hemispherical, or conical in shape and is connected to an ion accelerator structure that is the same as those used for electron-bombardment ion thrusters with either two or three grids. The plasma floats relative to the first grid, and the high voltage is applied between the two grids to accelerate ions that flow through the first grid and form the beam. The rf coil is connected to an rf power supply that provides the power to generate the plasma. There is usually no applied magnetic field in rf ion thrusters, although one can be applied in principle to improve the discharge performance. As in other ion thruster designs, the entire discharge chamber is enclosed in a metallic screen or structure to eliminate electron collection from the space plasma, and a neutralizer cathode is connected to provide net charge neutralization of the beam. The coil wrapped around the insulating thruster body can be modeled as a solenoid with N turns, and the rf voltage applied to it drives an rf current in the Insulating Body Gas Feed RF Coil Plasma Volume Fig. 4-29. Schematic of an rf ion thruster showing induction coil, insulating body, gas feed and two- grid accelerator structure.PDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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