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Ion Thruster Plasma Generators 171 Microwave Propellant Waveguide Electro- static Grids Permanent Magnets Fig. 4-39. Schematic of the MUSES-C 10-cm microwave source showing the strong magnets and small volume characteristic of these thrusters (from [54]). of the electrical power delivered to the thruster that must be accounted for in the total discharge cost of the subsystem. The plasma is typically a difficult load to match well, and reflection of 10% to 30% of the microwave energy back into the recirculator (which absorbs the reflected power from the source in the case of mismatch or faults) is typical. The microwave source and recirculator usually represent a significant mass and volume addition to the ion thruster system. An examination of Table 4-1 shows that, in order to avoid cutoff and produce ion current densities to the grids of 1 to 2 mA/cm2, microwave sources in the 4- to 6-GHz range are required. At this time, space TWTs in this frequency range are limited in power capability to the order of a few hundred watts. For a given discharge loss, this limits the total ion current that can be produced by a microwave thruster. While microwave thrusters hold the promise of eliminating the need for thermionic cathodes used in DC- discharge thrusters and of doing away with the requirement for dielectric discharge chambers in rf thrusters, producing high-efficiency, high-thrust ion propulsion systems based on this technology can be challenging. This is certainly an area for future research. 4.7 2-D Computer Models of the Ion Thruster Discharge Chamber The analytical models described above can generally explain the behavior and predict the overall discharge chamber performance of well-defined configurations, but multi-dimensional computer models are required to predictPDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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