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Ion Thruster Plasma Generators 173 Mesh Generator Magnetic Field Solver Neutral Atom Model Ion Optics Model Ionization Model Ion Diffusion and Electron Thermal Models Convergence Check Fig. 4-40. Hybrid 2-D ion thruster discharge model flow diagram and components overview. Results Thruster Inputs (Parameters, Geometry) thruster performance. For example, many thrusters utilize localized sources and sinks of the neutral gas that produce non-uniform neutral density profiles that must be considered to understand performance. Ion thrusters operate at internal pressures on the order of 1 10–4 torr or lower in order to achieve good mass utilization efficiency. In this pressure range, the neutral gas can be considered to be collisionless, and simple Knudesen-flow models are normally used to determine the average neutral gas density inside the thruster. Assuming surface adsorption, propellant atoms collide with the chamber walls and are re-emitted with a cosine distribution at the wall temperature. Collisions with the wall act to thermalize the gas to the wall temperature. Inside the discharge volume, the neutral atoms collide with electrons and ions. Some neutral atoms are “heated” by charge exchange that transfers the local ion energy to the neutral, but this process has little effect on the average gas temperature. The spatial distribution of the neutral density is dependent on the gas injection regions (sources), gas reflux from the walls, lossPDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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