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180 Chapter 4 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.000 3.5 1018 3.0 1018 2.5 1018 2.0 1018 1.5 1018 1.0 1018 5.0 1017 0.0 LDT Profile Model LDT Profile Modified B-Field Neutral Density 0.040 0.080 Thruster Radius (m) 0.120 0.160 Fig. 4-46. Beam and neutral density profiles at the NSTAR grid [60]. long duration test [65]. The peaked plasma profile is due to the strong confinement of the electrons from the cathode by the NSTAR magnetic configuration, which depletes the neutral gas on axis and produces a significant number of double ions. The modified B-field profile in Fig. 4-46 is an example of the model prediction for the case of a modified magnetic field geometry that makes it easier for primary electrons to move away from the thruster axis. The ion density calculated by the Wirz–Katz model for the NSTAR magnetic is shown in Fig. 4-47. As suggested by the primary density and plasma electron temperatures in Figs. 4-44 and 4-45, the plasma density is strongly peaked on axis. Finally, the double-to-total ion ratio distribution throughout the discharge chamber is shown in Fig. 4-48. These results agree with experimental data that suggest the on-axis peak in the NSTAR beam profile is due to high centerline double-ion content. Analysis by the Wirz–Katz model results shows that the original NSTAR magnetic field configuration tends to trap primary electrons on axis, which increases local electron temperature, ionization rate, and the generation of double ions in this region. This trapping of primary electrons also manifests in a neutral atom depletion on axis, as was shown in Fig. 4-46. The “modified” configuration in this figure shows the power of a good computer model to improve ion thruster design. By allowing the primary electrons to move away from the thruster axis, the ionization is spread more uniformly throughout the discharge chamber. The flatter profile results from a decrease in primary Current Density (A/m2) Neutral Density (m−3)PDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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