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222 Chapter 5 The threshold electric field for CC material with grid apertures is shown in Fig. 5-17 for new material and after a series of arcs. After the initial charac- terization with 10 arcs of 1 mC each, 10 arcs of 10 mC were delivered to the surface, which degraded the voltage standoff. However, the application of 4 sets of 10 arcs of only 1 mC re-conditioned the surface. The threshold electric field was found to asymptote to just below the same 40-kV/cm field at larger gap sizes observed for low coulomb-transfer arcs of flat material, suggesting that the aperture edges function in a similar manner as does material roughness. 5 4 3 2 1 0 New Material + CVD No CVD Coating 2.5 mC 5.0 mC 10 mC 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Gap (mm) 1.2 1.4 Fig. 5-16. Threshold voltage for carbon–carbon composite material after 10 arcs at various coulomb transfers (from [36]). 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 012345 Electrode Gap (cm) Fig. 5-17. Threshold electric field versus electrode gap for CC grid material with apertures (from [36]). CC + CVD 1 mC 10 mC 1 mC#2 1 mC#4 Threshold E-Field (kV/cm) Threshold Voltage (kV)PDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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