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226 Chapter 5 Discharge Chamber Plasma Xe+ Screen Grid Grid Beamlet Accel Fig. 5-20. Ions that cause barrel erosion are generated by charge exchange upstream and within the accelerator grid aperture. Xe+ Xe+ Beamlets Accel Grid Fig. 5-21. Ions that cause pits and grooves erosion are generated between the downstream surface of the accel grid and where the beamlets overlap. Erosion of the accelerator grid by charge exchange ion sputtering was the major life-limiting mechanism observed during the ELT of the NSTAR flight spare thruster [49] for operation at the highest power TH15 level. Photographs of center holes in the grid at the beginning and the end of the 30,000-hour test are shown in Fig. 5-22 where barrel-erosion enlargement of the aperture diameters is evident. Note that the triangle patterns where the webbing intersects in the end-of-test picture are locations where the erosion has completely penetrated the grid. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph shown in Fig. 5-23 illustrates the deep erosion of the pits-and-grooves pattern and shows that full penetration of the grid had occurred when the test was stopped. Continued operation would have eventually resulted in structural failure of the grid, but this was not considered imminent at the end of the test.PDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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