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232 Chapter 5 Assuming the erosion rate is uniform throughout the barrel, the rate of increase of the aperture radius is just the volumetric erosion rate divided by the barrel area, r = V aperture 3 10 11 [m/ s] , (5.6-13) aperture 2 rawaccel where the accel grid aperture radius ra is 0.582 mm and the accel grid thickness waccel is a half-millimeter. For the 8200-hour NSTAR wear test results described by Polk [30], this corresponds to an increase in diameter of about 0.2 mm, roughly what was observed. More accurate predictions of the accel grid barrel erosion rate are found using the 2D and 3D computer simulations [4]. However, the codes use the same basic technique as that shown here to determine the amount of material removed by the charge exchange sputtering. The better predictions result from more accurate calculations of the neutral density and ion current densities across the grid surfaces and through the grid apertures. 5.6.3 Pits-and-Grooves Erosion Using three-dimensional ion optics codes, it is possible to reproduce the details of the pits-and-grooves geometry of accelerator grid downstream surface erosion. The JPL CEX-3D code was developed [17] to solve for potentials and ion trajectories in a two-grid ion optics system, and was later modified to include a third grid [52]. The computational domain, illustrated in Fig. 5-25, is a triangular wedge extending from the axis of a hole pair to the midpoint between two aperture pairs. The wedge angle of 30 degrees is chosen to give Computational Domain Screen Grid Hole Accel Grid Hole Fig. 5-25. Computational domain of the CEX-3D code (from [17]).PDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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