Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters

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Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters ( fundamentals-electric-propulsion-ion-and-hall-thrusters )

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270 Chapter 6 6.5 Experiment Theory Fig. 6-15. Comparison of the plasma density measured on axis in the NSTAR-sized cathode operating at 12 A and a 4.25-sccm xenon flow with the 2-D code predictions. Table 6-2. Currents from the 2-D cathode code for the insert plasma of the NSTAR cathode. Source Emitted Electrons Absorbed Electrons Absorbed Ions Net Current Orifice Region Plasma Current (A) 31.7 20.2 0.5 12.0 Electrons are extracted from the insert plasma through the orifice into the discharge chamber or ion beam. For cathodes with no orifice, a transition region exists at the end of the insert and cathode tube where the neutral gas density is sufficiently low and the flow becomes collisionless. Orificed cathodes also have a transition region to collisionless neutral flow, which can occur inside the orifice or slightly downstream depending on the orifice size and the gas flow rate. Inside the orifice, the electron current density is the highest in the entire system. In this region, classical electron scattering with the ions and neutral gas produces resistive heating. The hot electrons then ionize a large fraction of the xenon gas, most of which strikes the orifice wall as ions and heats it. The amount of orifice-plasma resistance and orifice-plate heating depends on the geometry, flow rate, and discharge current. Type A cathodes have long, narrow orifices and high pressures, which lead to high resistivity,

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