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Hollow Cathodes 295 10 1.0 0.1 0.01 0.001 Fig. 6-39. Relative Ba concentration in Xe plasma for two bias conditions (redrawn from [48]). material surface with a reduced binding energy (denoted here as “adatoms”). Both species can sublimate from the material surface if an atom receives enough kinetic energy from random collisions to break free from the surface; however, because the binding energy for the two species is different, the corresponding loss rate also will be different. The net flux of material from the surface can be written as JT =JiYps+Konoexp(–Eo /T)+ Yad Ji , (6.8-1) (1 + A e x p ( E e f f / T ) ) where Ji is the plasma ion flux, Yad is the adatom production yield from the incident ion flux, Yps is the sputtered particle yield, and Yad Ji is equal to the adatom loss rate due to both sublimation and recombination. The first term in Eq. (6.8-1) describes physical sputtering of lattice atoms (which is independent of surface temperature); the second term describes the thermal sublimation of lattice atoms, which is independent of ion flux; and the third term describes the losses due to adatom production and subsequent sublimation, which depends upon both the incident ion flux and the surface temperature. For Xe ions incidentonBaOat30eV, Yps=0.02,A=2 10–9,and Yad 400. (6.8-2) Yps Sample Bias = 15 V Sample Floating (Evaporation) 600 700 800 900 Surface Temperature (deg C) Barium Loss Rate (a.u.)PDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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