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296 Chapter 6 These parameters can be used to model the expected net flux of Ba from a surface under bombardment with 30-eV Xe ions for various surface temperatures. The result of this model is compared with experimental measurements of Ba emissivity under these conditions in Fig. 6-40. The model compares extremely well with the experimental results. The model also qualitatively explains the key experimental observations, including the effect of ion energy on net erosion, the saturation of the adatom loss term at elevated temperatures, and the transition to losses dominated by thermal sublimation of lattice atoms at elevated temperatures. The model has been used to examine the effect of increasing the ion flux to the surface from the values in these experiments to the actual values for the hollow cathodes found from the 2-D plasma model. In this case, the model predicts that thermal evaporation dominates the barium loss rate for ion energies of less than 15 eV and cathode temperatures of over 900 ̊C. The model provides confidence that the barium loss rate effects in the plasma are understood and that the main result of barium loss determined by thermal evaporation rates for the plasma parameters of thruster cathodes examined here is accurate. 6.8.2 Cathode Insert Temperature Since the barium evaporation rate for the plasma conditions found in the hollow cathodes is determined by the insert surface temperature, a non-contact temperature measurement technique was developed at JPL [50] to directly measure the insert temperature during cathode operation. The technique 1.0 0.1 0.01 0.001 Measured Ba Loss Rate Adatom Model 400 600 800 1000 Surface Temperature (deg C) Fig. 6-40. Ba concentration versus cathode surface temperature for –15 V bias. Experimental data are shown by open squares and the model prediction are shown by the diamonds (from [48]). Barium Loss Rate (a.u.)PDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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