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Hollow Cathodes 315 produce sufficient plasma density to carry the discharge current, and the lower electron temperatures and collisional effects in the cathode plume plasma tend to damp or extinguish the oscillations. This oscillatory and damping behavior is suggested by the cathode plume models [39,41,72,73] in the literature and discussed above. References [1] D. M. Goebel, K. Jameson, I. Katz, and I. Mikellades, “Hollow Cathode Theory and Modeling: I. Plasma Characterization with Miniature Fast- Scanning Probes,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 98, no. 10, 113302, 2005. [2] I. Mikellades, I. Katz, D. M. Goebel, and K. K. Jameson, “Plasma Processes Inside Orificed Hollow Cathodes,” Physics of Plasmas, vol. 13, 063504, 2006. [3] H. R. Kaufman, “Technology of Electron-Bombardment Ion Thrusters,” Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics, vol. 36, edited by L. Marton, New York: Academic Press, 1974. [4] B. A. Arkhopov and K. N. Kozubsky, “The Development of the Cathode Compensators for Stationary Plasma Thrusters in the USSR,” 22nd International Electric Propulsion Conference, paper IEPC-91-023, Viareggio, Italy, October 14–17, 1991. [5] I. Mikellades, I. Katz, D. M. Goebel, and K. K. Jameson, “Hollow Cathode Theory and Modeling: II. A Two-Dimensional Model of the Emitter Region,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 98, no. 10, 113303, 2005. [6] D. M. Goebel, K. Jameson, R. Watkins, and I. Katz, “Cathode and Keeper Plasma Measurements Using an Ultra-Fast Miniature Scanning Probe,” AIAA-2004-3430, 40th Joint Propulsion Conference, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, July 11–14, 2004. [7] O. W. Richardson, “Electron Theory of Matter,” Philips Magazine, vol. 23, pp. 594–627, 1912. [8] W. H. Kohl, Handbook of Materials and Techniques for Vacuum Devices, New York: Reinhold, 1967. [9] W. Schottky, “Concerning the Discharge of Electrons from Hot Wires with Delayed Potential,” Annalen der Physik, vol. 44, no. 15, pp, 1011– 1032, July 1914. [10] A. T. Forrester, Large Ion Beams, New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1988.PDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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