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Hall Thrusters 327 Cathode Gas Feed Hollow Cathode Metallic Walls Anode o Gas Xe Feed Anode Guard Rings Thruster Center Line B e− e− e− + E Fig. 7-2. TAL thruster cross-section schematic showing the crossed electric and magnetic fields, and the ion and electron paths. S Pole N Pole Xe In the Hall thruster with dielectric walls illustrated in Fig. 7-1, an axial electric field is established between the anode at the base of an annular channel and the hollow-cathode plasma produced outside of the thruster channel. A transverse (radial) magnetic field prevents electrons from this cathode plasma from streaming directly to the anode. Instead, the electrons spiral along the magnetic field lines (as illustrated) and in the E B azimuthal direction (into the page) around the channel, and they diffuse by collisional processes and electrostatic fluctuations to the anode and channel walls. The plasma discharge generated by the electrons in the crossed electric and magnetic fields efficiently ionizes the propellant injected into the channel from the anode region. Ions from this plasma bombard and, near the channel exit, sputter erode the dielectric walls, which ultimately determines the life of the thruster. Electrons from this plasma also bombard the dielectric wall, depositing a significant amount of power in this region. The reduced axial electron mobility produced by the transverse magnetic field permits the applied discharge voltage to be distributed along the channel axis in the quasi-neutral plasma, resulting in an axial electric field in the channel that accelerates the ions to form the thrust beam. Therefore, Hall thrusters are described as electrostatic devices [1] because the ions are accelerated by the applied electric field, even though a magnetic field is critical to the process. However, since the acceleration occurs in the plasma region nearPDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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