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Hall Thrusters 329 encounter an increasing magnetic field strength as they move toward the wall, which acts as a magnetic mirror to counteract the radial centrifugal force. The radial magnetic field gradient in the channel also forms an “ion lens,” which tends to deflect the ions away from the channel walls and focus the ions out of the channel into the beam. Figure 7-3 shows an example of the magnetic field lines in the NASA-173Mv Hall thruster [9] developed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center (NASA-GRC). The curvature of the field lines in the channel approaching the exit is found to significantly improve the efficiency, especially for higher voltage, high specific impulse (Isp), Hall thrusters [9,10]. The strength of the radial magnetic field in the center along the channel [11] is shown in Fig. 7-4. The radial field peaks near the channel exit and is designed to be essentially zero at or near the anode surface. 7.2 Thruster Operating Principles and Scaling The operating principles of both types of Hall thrusters and some scaling rules for the geometries can be obtained from a simplified picture of the thruster discharge. Consider a generic Hall thruster channel, shown schematically in cross section in Fig. 7-5. The propellant gas is injected from the left through the anode region and is incident on the plasma generated in the channel. An axial scale length, L, is defined, over which the crossed-field discharge is magnetized, and produces a significant plasma density of width w, which is essentially the channel width. Ions exiting this plasma over the cylindrically Fig. 7-3. Magnetic field lines in the channel region of the NASA-173Mv Hall thruster (from [9]). Channel Thruster CenterlinePDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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