Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters

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Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters ( fundamentals-electric-propulsion-ion-and-hall-thrusters )

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374 Chapter 7 0.0600 0.0550 0.0500 0.0450 0.0400 0.0350 0.0300 0.0250 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035 z (m) Fig. 7-15. Average plasma density computed by HPHall for the SPT-100, with the peak plasma density at P1 = 8 1017 m–3 (from [30]). 2 4 2 468 6 P1 1 0.10541×1018 2 0.20515×1018 3 0.30490×1018 4 0.40464×1018 5 0.50439×1018 6 0.60414×1018 7 0.70388×1018 8 0.80363×1018 the electron temperature. Since the distribution function of the electrons can certainly be non-Maxwellian and anisotropic, the actual value of the density in the Hall thruster will differ somewhat from the values calculated by these existing codes. The profiles shown by the 1-D code results in Fig. 7-14 suggest that three overlapping but distinct regions exist in the plasma channel of a well-designed Hall thruster. Near the anode, the potential drop is small due to the low magnetic field in this region, resulting in good plasma conduction to the anode but small ionization. The ionization zone occurs upstream of the channel exit where the neutral gas density is still high and the electrons are well confined and have significant temperature. The acceleration zone exists near the channel exit where the electric field is a maximum, which occurs at this location because the magnetic field is a maximum and the transverse electron mobility is significantly reduced as described above. Outside the channel, the electric field, plasma density, and electron temperature drop as the magnetic field strength decays and the Hall current decreases. r (m)

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