PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 386
376 Chapter 7 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0 100 200 300 Discharge Voltage (V) Fig. 7-17. Current versus voltage for one operating condition in the SPT-60 ([redrawn from [4]), showing the non-monotonic current variations usually observed in Hall thrusters at low discharge voltages. SPT-60 clearly required for the hybrid code to fully predict the Hall thruster behavior. Work continues on developing hybrid codes to better predict the thruster parameters and performance. 7.4.3 Oscillations in Hall Thrusters Depending on their size and operating characteristics, Hall thrusters have the capability of generating many different waves and instabilities with frequencies from 1 kHz to tens of MHz. A survey of the frequencies of different plasma waves, the characteristic lengths (i.e., of sheaths, etc.) in the thruster, and wave and particle drift velocities expected in typical Hall thrusters was compiled by Choueiri [62]. The most commonly observed oscillations occur in the band of frequencies from 1–30 kHz associated with ionization instabilities and rotational oscillations in the annular discharge channel. Azimuthally propagating waves with frequencies up to 100 kHz that are not associated with ionization instabilities can also occur due to magnetic field gradients [11]. In the range of 100–500 kHz, ion transit time oscillations associated with axial motion of the ions through the ionization and acceleration regions can occur. Above this frequency range, azimuthal drift waves [63] and ion acoustic waves have also been predicted and observed. The low-frequency time dependence of the ion and neutral behavior can be analyzed with the analytical models [30] by writing the ion conservation equation as Discharge Current (A)PDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
PDF Search Title:
Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall ThrustersOriginal File Name Searched:
Goebel__cmprsd_opt.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)