PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 387
Hall Thrusters 377 ni = nino ive nivi , t L and the neutral particle conservation equation as no= nino ive +novo, (7.4-29) (7.4-30) t L where vo is the neutral velocity and L is the axial length of the ionization zone. The perturbed behavior of the ion and neutral densities with time is linearized such that n=n + n i i,o i n =n + n , o o,o o (7.4-31) where the first term on the right-hand side denotes the unperturbed state. Combining Eqs. (7.4-29), (7.4-30), and (7.4-31) gives 2n 2 i=n n n v . (7.4-32) i,o o,o i i e This equation represents an undamped harmonic oscillator with a frequency t2 f=1 nn v2 vivo. (7.4-33) given by The low-frequency oscillatory behavior of Hall thrusters is related to the velocities of the ions and neutrals relative to the scale length of the ionization zone. This indicates that periodic depletion of the neutral gas in the ionization region causes the ion density to oscillate, which impacts the electron conductivity through the transverse magnetic field and thereby the discharge current. The ionization region location can then oscillate axially in the channel on the time scale of neutral replenishment time. The models show [53] that the oscillation depends strongly on the magnetic field strength near the channel exit, and that optimum operation of the thruster generally corresponds to high mass utilization regimes where this instability occurs. These types of oscillations, which are typically observed in the discharge current when the thrusters are operated in a voltage-regulated mode, have been called “breathing modes” [53] and “predator–prey modes” [30], and an example is shown in Fig. 7-18 for the SPT-100 Hall thruster [55]. The frequency in this experimentally observed example is about 17 kHz. However, the frequency depends on the thruster operating conditions and can range from 10 to 30 kHz for different flow rates, voltages, and magnetic fields. The 1-D numerical code i 2 i,o o,o i e 2 LPDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
PDF Search Title:
Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall ThrustersOriginal File Name Searched:
Goebel__cmprsd_opt.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |