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Hall Thrusters 379 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0.00030 0.00032 0.00034 0.00036 0.00038 0.00040 0.00042 0.00044 Time (s) Fig. 7-20. Anode current, ionization, and beam current calculated by HPHall for the SPT-70 Hall thruster (from [30]). Anode Current Ionization Current Beam Current However, the ionization instability driving these oscillations is the same as that analyzed in the 1-D model, and so the behavior of the instability is adequately reproduced by the 2-D model. The low-frequency oscillations can reach 100% of the discharge current depending on the voltage and mass flow (current) for a given thruster design. However, more modern designs, especially those intended for flight, typically have much lower oscillation amplitudes. 7.5 Hall Thruster Life The operating time and total impulse of a Hall thruster is determined primarily by erosion of the channel wall and the life of the cathode. Hollow cathode wear-out has not represented a life limitation to date because thruster lifetimes of less than 10,000 hours are typical, and robust LaB6 hollow cathodes have been used in all of the Russian Hall thrusters. Other issues such as deposited material build-up on the electrodes, conductive-flake production, electrical shorting, etc., are also of concern in evaluating the life of a Hall thruster. However, the erosion of the channel wall by ion bombardment sputtering is a very visible process [4] that changes the channel dimensions and ultimately exposes the magnetic circuit, which, when eroded, can degrade the thruster performance. However, life tests of flight thrusters such as the SPT-100 and the PPS-1350 show that they can take hundreds to thousands of hours for magnetic circuit erosion to significantly alter thruster performance. Of greater concern, in this case, is the sputtering of iron from the magnetic circuit, which would have Current (A)PDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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