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398 Chapter 8 Measurements of the plume and secondary ions from Hall thrusters were carried out on a Russian communications satellite, Express-A3 [5]. The satellite had instruments to measure ion fluxes both on the spacecraft body, 90 deg from the thrust direction, and on the solar arrays. These diagnostics monitored effects from the central beam over a cone with a half-angle of about 40 deg. The Stationary Plasma Thruster (SPT)-100 Hall thruster plume calculated using the Electric Propulsion Interactions Code (EPIC) [6,8] is shown in Fig. 8-5. As was the case for ion thrusters, the measured secondary ion fluxes were an order of magnitude less than fluxes measured in ground-based chambers, but, again, in good agreement with plume models. The accuracy of the models is illustrated in Fig. 8-6, where the current density measurements on the Express-A spacecraft are compared with the computed values. 8.2.3 Laboratory Plume Measurements While the flight measurements show the ability of the models to predict thruster-generated plasma environments, tests in ground-based chambers provide much more detailed measurements than those made in space. Experiments conducted by The Aerospace Corporation for the Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company on the Busek–Primex Hall Thruster (BPT-4000) provided plume data [9] for comparison with computer models. Measurements were taken using fully exposed flux probes (“uncollimated”) for 7.7 × 1015 m−3 1.2 × 1015 1.8 × 1014 2.7 × 1013 4.1 × 1012 6.2 × 1011 Fig. 8-5. EPIC model of the Express-A spacecraft showing the plume ion density profile during operation of the RT4 SPT-100 thruster (from [5]).PDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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