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Ion and Hall Thruster Plumes 411 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 Fig. 8-12. Comparison of high-energy ion current between the calculations and measurements for the BPT-4000 (from [10]). Beam Beam+Scatter Ion Flux > 100 V Ion Flux > 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Angle (deg) Lab E > 100 Lab E > 50 payloads. Thruster plumes affect the spacecraft immediately during their operation, for example, by momentum transfer from plume impingement or optical emissions and by slow, cumulative processes, such as ion erosion of spacecraft surfaces or contamination of surfaces by materials generated by thruster wear. The immediate interactions may affect spacecraft operations; the longer-term interactions may affect spacecraft life. Unique to electric propulsion is the interaction between the thruster plumes and the spacecraft electrical system, in particular the solar arrays. Electric thruster plumes are composed of charged particles and can carry currents between the thruster electrical power system and exposed electrical conductors such as solar array cell edges and interconnects. While the currents that flow through the thruster plumes are in general quite small, they may cause changes in subsystem potentials. These potential changes, if not anticipated, may be mistaken for system anomalies by spacecraft operators. As described in previous sections, while most of the plume is in the thrust direction, a small fraction of the thruster exhaust is emitted at large angles. The large-angle component is mostly composed of low-velocity particles. Some high-energy ions in Hall thruster plumes can be found at angles greater than 45 deg, but at such a low flux density that they will have little impact on spacecraft life. Techniques for quantitatively calculating the effects of thruster plumes on spacecraft are presented in the following sections. Ion Current (A/m2)PDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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