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418 Chapter 8 +100 V 0V Thruster Plume Plasma +15 V Hollow Cathode Cathode Common Solar Array 0V Spacecraft +90 V Fig. 8-17. A large area of high voltage solar array exposed to the thruster plume causes the cathode common to float the order of the array voltage positive of spacecraft chassis ground. ~1014 m–3, a square meter of exposed conducting area would collect only a few milliamperes of electron current. A kilo-ohm resistor could clamp cathode common within a few volts of spacecraft ground. 8.5 Interactions with Payloads 8.5.1 Microwave Phase Shift Electromagnetic waves interact with plasmas, particularly if the wave frequency is on the order of or lower than the plasma frequency along its path of propagation. In most spacecraft applications, the communications and payload frequencies are so high (>1 GHz) that there is little effect. For a typical thruster, the plume density drops below 1015 m–3 less than a meter from the thruster, and then it drops even more rapidly at greater distances. The plasma frequency at this density about 1 meter from the thruster, from Eq. (3.5-24), is 285 MHz. As a result, microwave signals with frequencies below a few hundred megahertz could be affected by the thruster plasma plume. However, even at higher frequencies, highly directional antenna patterns should be analyzed for possible distortion by small phase shifts caused by the plasma. A plane wavePDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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