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25.5 25.0 24.5 24.0 23.5 23.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 320 330 – – The amount of steam injected is increased when the inlet parameters increased The amount of steam injected is decreased when the para- meters values (injection pressure and the injection temper- ature) of the steam injected increased. A Bouam et al. / Gas Turbine Performances Improvement Using Steam Injection in the Combustion Chamber 257 variation of ambient temperature. Same remarks have been observed for the thermal efficiency deviation (Figs. 9, 10). This is due to the additional vapor mass injected, which thus stabilizes the net power output and so, the thermal efficiency. Figure 11 shows the evolution of thermal efficiency, steam to air ratio versus inlet temperature. The variation of steam to air ratio is significant as the ambient temperature become higher than ISO temperature according the injection of steam (Fig. 12). Typically, the maximum reduction of efficiency is shown nearly 15°C. In contrast, steam may be injected with suitable amounts for performance improvement purposes. Further- more, the gas turbine will be insensitive with the variation of ambient temperature. Figure 12 Steam to air ratio injected. Comparison of between the fluids engine in both cases: for a simple cycle and a cycle injected by vapor during an operation of the machine for the four seasons. It is obvious the mass throughput of the driving fluid increases with the injection of the suitable quantity of the steam. With this oper- ation, it is possible to bring back the normal operation of the gas turbine under environmental conditions (tAmb = 50°C) towards an operation to tISO. 4.3 Influence of the Injection Parameters on the Injected Steam Quantity Wide rage of the parameters values (injection pressure and the injection temperature) of the steam injected have been taken in order to study their influence on the steam quantity injected and on the gas turbine performances. Figures 13-16 show the evolutions respectively, according to the ambient temperature, of the turbine power, the net power output, the necessary quantity of steam injected in order to bring back the operation of this turbine to a standard temperature and the thermal efficiency of this equipment. Figures 14, 15 show that all curves of the performances (powers and net power) changes starting from TISO. This latter is the beginning of improvement of the gas turbine performances. The first parts of curves are identical (in the case without injection). In the case of steam injection: 25 20 15 10 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 56 4 2 Figure 10 Total thermal efficiency. Steam-to-air ratio injected ηTh-gb Steam injection tcc = 900°C; p1 /p1 = 7.3761 270 280 290 300 310 TAmb (K) In the first parts the curves are identical (in the case with- out injection). In the first case it is clear (there is not the steam injection), the parameters values do not intervene in calculation. In the second case (with injection) this due for Figure 11 Efficiency and steam to air ratio injected. ε = P2/ P 1 320 315 310 305 300 295 290 285 280 275 246810 ηTh (%) η (%) ms/ma (%) S (%)PDF Image | Gas Turbine Improvement with Steam Injection Combustion Sahara Conditions
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