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GE Gas Turbine Performance Characteristics Fuel 2 Combustor 3 Exhaust 4 Turbine Compressor 1 Inlet Air Generator Figure 2. Simple-cycle, single-shaft gas turbine combustion system is designed to provide mix- ing, burning, dilution and cooling. Thus, by the time the combustion mixture leaves the com- bustion system and enters the turbine at point 3, it is at a mixed average temperature. In the turbine section of the gas turbine, the energy of the hot gases is converted into work. This conversion actually takes place in two steps. In the nozzle section of the turbine, the hot gases are expanded and a portion of the thermal energy is converted into kinetic energy. In the subsequent bucket section of the turbine, a portion of the kinetic energy is transferred to the rotating buckets and converted to work. Some of the work developed by the turbine is used to drive the compressor, and the remain- der is available for useful work at the output flange of the gas turbine. Typically, more than 50% of the work developed by the turbine sec- tions is used to power the axial flow compressor. As shown in Figure 2, single-shaft gas turbines are configured in one continuous shaft and, therefore, all stages operate at the same speed. These units are typically used for generator- drive applications where significant speed varia- tion is not required. GT08922A A schematic diagram for a simple-cycle, two- shaft gas turbine is shown in Figure 3. The low- pressure or power turbine rotor is mechani- cally separate from the high-pressure turbine and compressor rotor. The low pressure rotor is said to be aerodynamically coupled. This unique feature allows the power turbine to be operated at a range of speeds and makes two- shaft gas turbines ideally suited for variable- speed applications. All of the work developed by the power turbine is available to drive the load equipment since the work developed by the high-pressure tur- bine supplies all the necessary energy to drive the compressor. On two-shaft machines the starting requirements for the gas turbine load train are reduced because the load equipment is mechanically separate from the high-pressure turbine. The Brayton Cycle The thermodynamic cycle upon which all gas turbines operate is called the Brayton cycle. Figure 4 shows the classical pressure-volume (PV) and temperature-entropy (TS) diagrams for this cycle. The numbers on this diagram cor- GE Power Systems ■ GER-3567H ■ (10/00) 3PDF Image | GE Gas Turbine Performance Characteristics
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