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GE Gas Turbine Performance Characteristics Combined cycles producing only electrical power are in the 50% to 60% thermal efficien- cy range using the more advanced gas turbines. Papers dealing with combined-cycle applica- tions in the GE Reference Library include: GER-3574F, “GE Combined-Cycle Product Line and Performance”; GER-3767, “Single-Shaft Combined-Cycle Power Generation Systems”; and GER-3430F, “Cogeneration Application Considerations.” Factors Affecting Gas Turbine Performance Air Temperature and Site Elevation Since the gas turbine is an air-breathing engine, its performance is changed by anything that affects the density and/or mass flow of the air intake to the compressor. Ambient weather conditions are the most obvious changes from the reference conditions of 59 F/15 C and 14.7 psia/1.013 bar. Figure 9 shows how ambient tem- perature affects the output, heat rate, heat con- sumption, and exhaust flow of a single-shaft MS7001. Each turbine model has its own tem- perature-effect curve, as it depends on the cycle parameters and component efficiencies as well as air mass flow. Correction for altitude or barometric pressure is more straightforward. The air density reduces as the site elevation increases. While the result- ing airflow and output decrease proportionate- ly, the heat rate and other cycle parameters are not affected. A standard altitude correction cur ve is presented in Figure 10. Humidity Similarly, humid air, which is less dense than dry air, also affects output and heat rate, as shown in Figure 11. In the past, this effect was thought to be too small to be considered. However, with the increasing size of gas turbines and the utilization of humidity to bias water and steam injection for NOx control, this effect has greater significance. It should be noted that this humidity effect is a result of the control system approximation of firing temperature used on GE heavy-duty gas turbines. Single-shaft turbines that use turbine exhaust temperature biased by the compressor pressure ratio to the approximate firing tem- perature will reduce power as a result of 130 120 110 Percent Design 100 90 80 Heat Rate Exhaust Flow Heat Cons. Output Compressor Inlet Temperature 70 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 °F -18 -7 4 16 27 38 49 °C Figure 9. Effect of ambient temperature GE Power Systems ■ GER-3567H ■ (10/00) 8 GT22045DPDF Image | GE Gas Turbine Performance Characteristics
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