GE Gas Turbine Performance Characteristics

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GE Gas Turbine Performance Characteristics 4 Inches (10 mbar) H2O Inlet Drop Produces: 1.42% Power Output Loss 0.45% Heat Rate Increase 1.9 F (1.1 C) Exhaust Temperature Increase 4 Inches (10 mbar) H2O Exhaust Drop Produces: 0.42% Power Output Loss 0.42% Heat Rate Increase 1.9 F (1.1 C) Exhaust Temperature Increase Figure 12. Pressure drop effects (MS7001EA) GT18238C the effects on the MS7001EA, which are typical for the E technology family of scaled machines (MS6001B, 7001EA, 9001E). Fuels Work from a gas turbine can be defined as the product of mass flow, heat energy in the com- busted gas (Cp), and temperature differential across the turbine. The mass flow in this equation is the sum of compressor airflow and fuel flow. The heat energy is a function of the elements in the fuel and the products of combustion. Tables 1 and 2 show that natural gas (methane) produces nearly 2% more output than does dis- tillate oil. This is due to the higher specific heat in the combustion products of natural gas, resulting from the higher water vapor content produced by the higher hydrogen/carbon ratio of methane. This effect is noted even though the mass flow (lb/h) of methane is lower than the mass flow of distillate fuel. Here the effects of specific heat were greater than and in oppo- sition to the effects of mass flow. Figure 13 shows the total effect of various fuels on turbine output. This curve uses methane as the base fuel. Although there is no clear relationship between fuel lower heating value (LHV) and output, it is possible to make some general assumptions. If the fuel consists only of hydrocarbons with no inert gases and no oxygen atoms, output increases as LHV increases. Here the effects of Cp are greater than the effects of mass flow. Also, as the amount of inert gases is increased, the decrease in LHV will provide an increase in output. This is the major impact of IGCC type fuels that have large amounts of inert gas in the fuel. This mass flow addition, which is not com- pressed by the gas turbine’s compressor, increases the turbine output. Compressor power is essentially unchanged. Several side effects must be considered when burning this GE Power Systems ■ GER-3567H ■ (10/00) 10 kind ■ ■ ■ of lower heating value fuels: Increased turbine mass flow drives up compressor pressure ratio, which eventually encroaches on the compressor surge limit The higher turbine power may exceed fault torque limits. In many cases, a larger generator and other accessory equipment may be needed High fuel volumes increase fuel piping and valve sizes (and costs). Low- or medium-Btu coal gases are frequently supplied at high temperatures, which further increases their volume flow

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