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GE Gas Turbine Performance Characteristics Diluent Injection Since the early 1970s, GE has used water or steam injection for NOx control to meet appli- cable state and federal regulations. This is accomplished by admitting water or steam in the cap area or “head-end” of the combustion liner. Each machine and combustor configura- tion has limits on water or steam injection levels to protect the combustion system and turbine section. Depending on the amount of water or steam injection needed to achieve the desired NOx level, output will increase because of the Generally, up to 5% of the compressor airflow can be extracted from the compressor dis- charge casing without modification to casings or on-base piping. Pressure and air temperature will depend on the type of machine and site conditions. Air extraction between 6% and 20% may be possible, depending on the machine and combustor configuration, with some modi- fications to the casings, piping and controls. Such applications need to be reviewed on a case-by-case basis. Air extractions above 20% will require extensive modification to the tur- bine casing and unit configuration. Figure 15 GT22048-1C shows the effect of air extraction on output and heat rate. As a “rule of thumb,” every 1% in air extraction results in a 2% loss in power. Performance Enhancements Generally, controlling some of the factors that affect gas turbine performance is not possible. The planned site location and the plant config- uration (such as simple- or combined-cycle) determine most of these factors. In the event additional output is needed, several possibilities to enhance performance may be considered. 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 With 5% Steam Injection Output % No Steam Injection 3% 1% 40 60 80 100 120 oF 4 16 27 38 49 oC Compressor Inlet Temperature GT18851A Figure 14. Effect of steam injection on output and heat rate additional mass flow. Figure 14 shows the effect of steam injection on output and heat rate for an MS7001EA. These curves assume that steam is free to the gas turbine cycle, therefore heat rate improves. Since it takes more fuel to raise water to combustor conditions than steam, water injection does not provide an improve- ment in heat rate. Air Extraction In some gas turbine applications, it may be desirable to extract air from the compressor. GE Power Systems ■ GER-3567H ■ (10/00) 12 Figure 15. Effect of air extraction on output and heat ratePDF Image | GE Gas Turbine Performance Characteristics
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