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GE Gas Turbine Performance Characteristics associated with compressor fouling and can be partially rectified by water washing or, more thoroughly, by mechanically cleaning the com- pressor blades and vanes after opening the unit. Non-recoverable loss is due primarily to increased turbine and compressor clearances and changes in surface finish and airfoil con- tour. Because this loss is caused by reduction in component efficiencies, it cannot be recovered by operational procedures, external mainte- nance or compressor cleaning, but only through replacement of affected parts at rec- ommended inspection intervals. Quantifying performance degradation is diffi- cult because consistent, valid field data is hard to obtain. Correlation between various sites is impacted by variables such as mode of opera- tion, contaminants in the air, humidity, fuel and dilutent injection levels for NOx. Another prob- lem is that test instruments and procedures vary widely, often with large tolerances. Typically, performance degradation during the first 24,000 hours of operation (the normally recommended interval for a hot gas path inspection) is 2% to 6% from the performance test measurements when corrected to guaran- teed conditions. This assumes degraded parts are not replaced. If replaced, the expected per- formance degradation is 1% to 1.5%. Recent field experience indicates that frequent off-line water washing is not only effective in reducing recoverable loss, but also reduces the rate of non-recoverable loss. One generalization that can be made from the data is that machines located in dry, hot cli- mates typically degrade less than those in humid climates. Verifying Gas Turbine Performance Once the gas turbine is installed, a perform- ance test is usually conducted to determine power plant performance. Power, fuel, heat consumption and sufficient supporting data should be recorded to enable as-tested per- formance to be corrected to the condition of the guarantee. Preferably, this test should be done as soon as practical, with the unit in new and clean condition. In general, a machine is considered to be in new and clean condition if it has less than 200 fired hours of operation. Testing procedures and calculation methods are patterned after those described in the ASME Performance Test Code PTC-22-1997, “Gas Turbine Power Plants.” Prior to testing, all sta- tion instruments used for primary data collec- tion must be inspected and calibrated. The test should consist of sufficient test points to ensure validity of the test set-up. Each test point should consist of a minimum of four complete sets of readings taken over a 30-minute time period when operating at base load. Per ASME PTC-22- 1997, the methodology of correcting test results to guarantee conditions and measurement uncertainties (approximately 1% on output and heat rate when testing on gas fuel) shall be agreed upon by the parties prior to the test. Summary This paper reviewed the thermodynamic princi- ples of both one- and two-shaft gas turbines and discussed cycle characteristics of the several models of gas turbines offered by GE. Ratings of the product line were presented, and factors affecting performance were discussed along with methods to enhance gas turbine output. GE heavy-duty gas turbines serving industrial, utility and cogeneration users have a proven history of sustained performance and reliabili- ty. GE is committed to providing its customers with the latest in equipment designs and advancements to meet power needs at high thermal efficiency. GE Power Systems ■ GER-3567H ■ (10/00) 15PDF Image | GE Gas Turbine Performance Characteristics
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