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V The shape of things to come With each passing year it’s getting clear that electronics is making its way into aviation. Those first General Aviation aircraft, like early Bonanzas and Cessna-172s, were equipped with crude communication and navigational systems by current standards. Even the latest version of those same aircraft still uses human actuated mechanical ground steering and flight controls, supplemented by manually activated hydraulics for handling functions like braking and landing gear actuation or electric system for flaps and trim tabs operation. The implementation of software to control some aspects of the aircraft operation has already resulted in many changes in aviation, but that degree of iteration would pale in comparison to the possibilities expected when Artificial Intelligence is employed to simplify the operations to a level where human intervention would be needed only on defining the strategy for resolving key situations. The coming generation of airplanes would be stuffed with computers and augmented controls, to take on functions currently performed by manual activated systems and will do so with precision and efficiency that are not available today. Most of the traditional job of a pilot to maintain the aircraft attitude will be performed by fly-by-wire operating under the supervision of artificial intelligence while Artificial Intelligence-based navigation system can learn how to navigate based on GPS data supported by parameters from fixed ground stations which can be relatively simple mapped. For example, a “refuse to crash” system could help to minimize accidents involving loss of control and controlled flight into terrain, the top-two cause of General Aviation fatal accidents14. At some point in time the industry would witness the transition from today’s manually controlled mechanic/hydraulic system to intelligent systems in what an aircraft may transmuted into essentially a supercomputer with wings4. The architecture of the electronic control system, as shown in Figure 7, may include multiple controllers, linked by open software for algorithmic development and scalable to several layers of autonomous flight operating as a centralized domain unit6. Figure 7 – Electronic architecture6 As the AI system evolves, the software developers are devising more ways to create learning programs that would require minimum input from humans. New technologies should be able to develop strategies to deal with ever-changing situations because no programmer can write all codes needed to identify the multiple situations autonomous aircraft needs to understand. Remoting computing will be a critical aspect of Artificial Intelligence- based system, following the trend in commercial applications to process AI using external cloud computing. Over- the-air updates through 5G high-speed internet would enable developers to continuously monitor the performance of the airborne systems, adjust the flight path as necessary and even upgrade software on demand. And last but not least is the case for the autonomous aircraft. Companies like Google, Tesla, Ford and Toyota gathered together talented engineers and spent unimaginable amounts of dollars developing self-driving cars, and it is reasonable to expect that at least part of the automotive technology to migrate to the aerospace industry. 7PDF Image | General Aviation 2025 A study for electric propulsion
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