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CHAPTER 2. HIGH PERFORMANCE TENG The TENG technology is still in its infant phase in spite of those successful demonstrations ranging from mechanical energy harvesting to self-powered active sensing. Practical application of TENG for energy harvesting is greatly hindered by its limited output power density due to the intrinsic HV and low-current characteristics, while material challenges exist when novel applications call for certain functionalities such as stretchability and transience. 2.1 Achieving Ultrahigh Triboelectric Charge Density for Efficient Energy Harvesting As an energy harvester, the commercialization and application of TENG highly depend on their power density, which is quadratically related to the triboelectric charge density. Therefore, large efforts have been devoted to increasing the amount of triboelectric charges by means of material improvement, structural optimization, surface modification, and so on. Artificial injection of ions, for example, by using corona discharging, was considered a straightforward way to increase the charge density, resulting in a high output charge density of 240 μC/m2, but long-term stability remains an issue. 69 Very recently, a high-output charge density of 250 μC/m2 was realized on a TENG through elastomeric materials and a fragmental contact structure 70 Nevertheless, the achievable output charge density has still been limited by the phenomenon of air breakdown in all previous studies. In this work, we report a method for increasing the triboelectric charge density by coupling surface polarization from triboelectrification and hysteretic dielectric polarization from ferroelectric material in vacuum (P ~ 10-6 torr). Without the constraint of air breakdown, a 12PDF Image | HIGH PERFORMANCE TRIBOELECTRIC NANOGENERATOR AND ITS APPLICATIONS
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