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decrease; once the distance at which the minimum breakdown voltage occurs passes the maximum operation range of TENG, the maximum charge density allowed would increase. In particular, when the pressure is so low that the whole operation range is outside of the region where the Paschen’s law holds valid, there would be no concern about avalanche breakdown that would limit the retainable charge density. Therefore, the performance of TENG under high vacuum is studied and the results are presented in the following sections. 2.1.2 Output Performance of TENG in Vacuum According to our previous report, soft contact and fragmental structure can enhance the output performance of TENG. Hence a TENG with a cushioned Cu electrode and a contact area smaller than conventional TENG was fabricated as the starting point of our study, with its schematic illustrated in Figure 5a. While in contact, the foam conforms to the mechanical stress and thus improves the contact intimacy between the Cu electrode and PTFE. As a result, the triboelectric charge density of the TENG in air measures up to 120 μC/m2 (Figure 5b). When the same cushioned TENG is operated in vacuum (P ~ 10-6 torr), the air breakdown depicted by Paschen’s law is avoided and the triboelectric charge density is boosted from 120 μC/m2 to 660 μC/m2 (Figure 5b). Accordingly, the open-circuit voltage increases from 20 V to 100 V (Figure 5c), the peak of short-circuit current rises from 60 mA/m2 to 300 mA/m2 (Figure 5d), and the maximum output power density is enhanced from 0.75 W/m2 (Figure 5e) to 16 W/m2 (Figure 5f) with the match-load of 20 MΩ at a fairly low frequency of 2 Hz. Experimental results also show that the performance enhancement of TENG using high vacuum is not limited by the thickness of the dielectric film. 16PDF Image | HIGH PERFORMANCE TRIBOELECTRIC NANOGENERATOR AND ITS APPLICATIONS
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