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hydrogel shows excellent elasticity and high ionic conductivity due to a larger water content absorbed in the polymer matrix that helps in fine-tuning ionic conductivity. In addition, it slows down self-discharge of the microsupercapacitors. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) of our MSC devices are shown in Figure 37a, where symmetric and rectangular curves are observed in the potential window of 0.6V, indicating good capacitive performance. As shown in Figure 37b, the galvanostatic charge-discharge (CD) profiles obtained at different current densities (0.3-1 mA/cm2) are quite linear in the potential window of 0-0.6 V. Moreover, the IR-drop of the devices was found to be only 0.07 V at a current density of 1 mA/cm2. Since no current collectors were used in making these devices, these results show that the MXene electrodes have low intrinsic resistance (5000 S/cm by four point probe). The calculated areal capacitance based on the discharge curve is shown in Figure 37c. Our devices show an energy density of 2.8 mWh/cm3 at a power density of 225 mW/cm3, and an energy density of 2.3 mWh/cm3 at a power density of 744 mW/cm3, which is superior to other state-of-the-art microsupercapacitors (Figure 37d).164- 167 This solid-state MSC exhibits good cycling stability with a capacitance retention up to 76% and coulombic efficiency of 95% over 10k cycles as shown in Figure 37e. The self- discharge behavior of the supercapacitor is an important parameter for practical applications, especially when charging at low current. We investigated the self-discharge behavior of our devices via measuring the open circuit potential of the device after thoroughly charging it, and a slow self-discharge rate of 0.1 V/h was observed for the device, which is shown in Figure 37f. Since the device was fabricated on flexible substrates, it can be repeatedly bent at various angles and frequencies (Figure 37g) without compromising performance. For real applications, energy storage units are usually 97PDF Image | HIGH PERFORMANCE TRIBOELECTRIC NANOGENERATOR AND ITS APPLICATIONS
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