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3.3.3 Wearable TENG Based on Carbon-Fiber-Embedded Silicone A single-electrode-mode TENG based on carbon-fiber-embedded silicone was designed for integration with the silicone-encapsulated MXene-based MSC. The use of carbon fiber electrode is more cost-effective than previously reported devices based on Ag NWs;147, 168 in addition, carbon fiber retains the advantages of flexibility, ease of fabrication and durability. The adoption of the single-electrode mode eliminates the need of spacer in the contact-separation mode and greatly facilitates the integration of the TENG and MSC in a sealed thin-film manner. The detailed working principle of the TENG device is illustrated in Figure 38(a-d). Firstly, positive and negative charges are induced on the surfaces of human skin and silicone respectively when they are in contact. Once the positively charged skin leaves the TENG device, the potential of the carbon fiber embedded beneath the negatively charged silicone will decrease in reference to the ground potential, and thus a potential difference will be generated across the two inputs of the bridge rectifier and electrons will flow out from the carbon fiber to charge the supercapacitor. The process continues until the skin reaches the maximum separation distance. In contrast, as the skin re-approaches the TENG, the potential on the carbon fiber will increase and the electrons will flow back to the carbon fiber, which will also charge the supercapacitor through the bridge rectifier. The entire process reverts to the initial state once the skin touches the TENG again. The performance of the TENG was fully characterized under different load conditions and the results are plotted in Figure 38(e-g). Under the short-circuit condition, the maximum charge transferred per cycle reached about 4.2 nC/cm2, and the peak current was about 0.13 μA/cm2 at the working frequency of 1.3 Hz. Meanwhile, the open-circuit voltage was nearly 50 V for a device with an active area of 4 cm2. The output power of the 99PDF Image | HIGH PERFORMANCE TRIBOELECTRIC NANOGENERATOR AND ITS APPLICATIONS
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